Английский язык
Здравствуйте. Мне нужен перевод этого текста/ LAW IN ANCIENT GREECE AND ROME The absolutism of power in the monarch was typical of legal systems until the time of the Greeks around 300 B.C. Before the Greeks people believed that their laws were given to them by gods, represented by their kings. The Greek system emphasized that law was made by man, . for man, and could be changed by man. Instead of being an instrument of total social control of the whole population by a monarch, the law was to serve peace and prosperity of the people. In the year of 621 B.C., Draco, Athenian lawgiver, drew up Greeces first written code of laws. This harsh legal code punished both trivial and serious crimes in Athens with death. The word draconian (безжалостный) is still used to describe repressive legal measures. In 594 B.C. Solon, Athens lawgiver, repealed Dracos code and published new laws, retaining only Dracos homicide statutes. He revised every statute except that on homicide and made Athenian law more humane. He also retained an ancient Greek tradition — trial by jury. Enslaving debtors was prohibited, along with most of the harsh punishments of Dracos code. Under Solons law citizens of Athens could be elected to the assembly and courts were established in which citizens could appeal against government decisions. The Greek ideals were carried over into the Roman system of laws. The Greeks have contributed to the Roman system of laws the concept of «natural law». Actually, natural law was based on the idea that certain basic principles are above the laws of a nation. These principles arise from the nature of people. As the Roman Empire increased, a set of laws was codified to handle the more sophisticated legal questions of the day. This was done under the sponsorship of the Byzantine emperor Justinian I (from AD 529 to 565). This collection of laws and legal interpretations was called Corpus Juris Civilis («Body of Civil Law») and also the Justinian Code. French Emperor Napoleon made some modification of the Justinian Code at the beginning of the nineteenth century. Napoleon Code is still the model for the legal codes governing most of the modern nation-states of Europe today.
Здравствуйте, помогите, пожалуйста, сделать задание. Раскройте скобки и употребите глаголы в соответствующей форме. Переведите предложения на русский язык. 1. Mixed economy is an economic system in which some industries (to own) by the state and others (to own) by private persons and firms. 2. When supply is increased, a larger amount (to offer) at a given price. 3. The supply of agricultural products cannot be (to increase) within a very short period of time. 4. The aim of the Organization of Petroleum (to export) Countries (OPEC) (to found) in 1961 is to maintain a standard price for oil and, if necessary, to limit output. In 1973 the OPEC suddenly (to begin) to use its influence (to raise) the world price of oil so that by the end of 1974 the price (to rise) three times in most (to import) countries. It (to increase) many times since then. 5. Marginal revenue is the additional revenue (to earn) by a producer from selling one more unit of his product. 6. Money supply is the total amount of money (to hold) by all persons and organizations in a country at a particular time. 7. The revenue (to obtain) from selling output depends on the demand. 8. Landless farmers, that is, farmers (to own) no land, have to cultivate land (to own) by others. 9. Economists use the word «capital» for goods not entirely (to use) up in the production process, during a particular period. Electricity is not «capital» as it (to use) entirely in the production process. 10. With less risk of a fall of price between the time decisions (to make) and commodities (to sell), producers will use additional inputs. 11. Supply (to depend) on output prices and input prices. An increase in the price of an input (to result) in a reduced use of that input. A reduction in the price of an output (to have) the same effect as an increase in the price of input, that is, a reduced use of input. The input use (not to change), provided output and input prices (to rise) or (to fall) by an equal percentage. Thus, the effect on output of a decrease in product prices (can) (to be neutralized) by an equal percentage decrease in input prices. Sometimes the prices of inputs and outputs (to change) together. For example, a fall of livestock product prices (to reduce) the demand for feed grains. This (to lead) to a fall in the price of feeds, that is, the price of inputs.
